Financial Crime Typologies

Account takeover (ATO) is a fraud typology in which a criminal gains unauthorized control of an existing legitimate customer account by ...

Art-based money laundering is the use of art market transactions, including private sales, auction purchases, and asset-backed loans, to ...

Authorized Push Payment (APP) fraud is a payment fraud typology in which a victim is deceived into voluntarily authorizing a bank transfer ...

Card-not-present (CNP) fraud is a payment card fraud category in which criminals use stolen card credentials to make purchases without ...

Chain hopping is a money laundering technique in which illicit cryptocurrency proceeds are converted across multiple blockchain networks in ...

Chargeback fraud (also called friendly fraud) is a form of first-party payment fraud in which a consumer disputes a legitimate transaction ...

Cryptocurrency mixer laundering is an AML typology in which criminals route illicit funds through a mixing or tumbling service. The service ...

CSAM financial flows is the movement of funds used to pay for, distribute, or profit from child sexual abuse material. It sits at the ...

Cuckoo smurfing is a money laundering technique where criminal networks deposit illicit cash into the bank account of an unsuspecting ...

Deepfake-Enabled Fraud is a category of financial crime in which criminals use AI-generated synthetic audio, video, or static images to ...

First-party fraud is a fraud typology in which the legitimate account holder is the perpetrator. It covers chargeback abuse, intentional ...

Human trafficking financial typology is the set of money laundering and concealment methods used by trafficking networks to collect, move, ...

Identity theft is a fraud typology in which a criminal acquires another person's personal identifying information, without consent, and ...

Illegal Wildlife Trade Financial Typology (IWT) is an AML pattern in which proceeds from trafficking endangered species, their parts, or ...

Insider fraud is a category of financial crime in which a current or former employee, contractor, or other trusted party misuses privileged ...

Investment scam, also called pig butchering (from the Mandarin "sha zhu pan"), is a confidence fraud typology in which criminals build a ...

Layering is the second stage of money laundering, in which illicit funds are moved through a rapid sequence of transactions to break the ...

Loan application fraud is the deliberate submission of false, fabricated, or stolen information to obtain credit from a financial ...

Loan stacking is a fraud typology in which a borrower submits simultaneous credit applications to multiple lenders within a narrow window, ...

Money mule networks are coordinated systems of recruited individuals who receive criminal proceeds and forward them through their own bank ...