Financial Crime Typologies

Mortgage fraud is financial fraud in which borrowers, brokers, or real estate professionals submit false documentation to lenders or ...

Nested correspondent laundering is an AML typology in which a high-risk or under-regulated financial institution routes illicit funds ...

Phishing-driven credential theft is a fraud typology in which attackers impersonate financial institutions via email, SMS, or voice ...

A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation in which returns paid to existing investors come entirely from capital contributed by ...

Proliferation financing is the provision of funds or financial services used to develop, acquire, manufacture, or transfer weapons of mass ...

Pump and dump is a securities and cryptocurrency fraud scheme in which perpetrators artificially inflate the price of an asset through ...

A pyramid scheme is a type of investment fraud in which operators pay returns to earlier participants using capital from new recruits ...

QR Code Fraud (also called quishing, from "QR" and "phishing") is a fraud typology in which criminals replace or overlay legitimate QR ...

Ransomware payment laundering is the process by which cybercriminal groups convert extortion proceeds, typically demanded and paid in ...

Real estate money laundering is the use of property transactions to conceal, transfer, or integrate illegally obtained funds, classified as ...

Romance scam (also called pig butchering) is a high-risk fraud typology in which organized criminals build fake romantic or social ...

Round-tripping is a money laundering and tax evasion method in which funds are transferred out of a jurisdiction through offshore entities ...

Sanctions evasion via shell companies is a financial crime pattern in which sanctioned individuals, entities, or states use corporate ...

SIM swap fraud is an account takeover attack in which a criminal persuades a mobile carrier to transfer a victim's phone number to a SIM ...

Smishing is a social engineering fraud technique in which criminals send fraudulent SMS messages to trick recipients into disclosing ...

Smurfing (also called structuring) is a money laundering placement technique where illicit cash is broken into multiple smaller deposits, ...

Synthetic identity fraud is a financial crime in which offenders construct a fictitious person by combining real data, typically a valid ...

Terrorism financing is the provision of funds, assets, or financial services to individuals, organizations, or activities associated with ...

Trade-Based Money Laundering (TBML) is a category of money laundering in which criminals manipulate the price, quantity, quality, or ...

Wash trading is a form of market manipulation in which a trader simultaneously buys and sells the same asset using controlled accounts to ...