Financial Crime Typologies

How-it-works dossiers on AML, fraud, sanctions evasion, and financial crime patterns. Red flags, detection logic, and real cases for analysts and investigators.

Showing 21–40 of 40 typologies

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Mortgage Fraud fraud high

Mortgage fraud is financial fraud in which borrowers, brokers, or real estate professionals submit false documentation to lenders or ...

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Nested Correspondent Laundering AML critical

Nested correspondent laundering is an AML typology in which a high-risk or under-regulated financial institution routes illicit funds ...

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Phishing-Driven Credential Theft fraud high

Phishing-driven credential theft is a fraud typology in which attackers impersonate financial institutions via email, SMS, or voice ...

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Ponzi Scheme fraud critical

A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation in which returns paid to existing investors come entirely from capital contributed by ...

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Proliferation Financing AML critical

Proliferation financing is the provision of funds or financial services used to develop, acquire, manufacture, or transfer weapons of mass ...

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Pump and Dump fraud high

Pump and dump is a securities and cryptocurrency fraud scheme in which perpetrators artificially inflate the price of an asset through ...

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Pyramid Scheme fraud high

A pyramid scheme is a type of investment fraud in which operators pay returns to earlier participants using capital from new recruits ...

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QR Code Fraud fraud medium

QR Code Fraud (also called quishing, from "QR" and "phishing") is a fraud typology in which criminals replace or overlay legitimate QR ...

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Ransomware Payment Laundering AML critical

Ransomware payment laundering is the process by which cybercriminal groups convert extortion proceeds, typically demanded and paid in ...

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Real Estate Money Laundering AML high

Real estate money laundering is the use of property transactions to conceal, transfer, or integrate illegally obtained funds, classified as ...

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Romance Scam fraud high

Romance scam (also called pig butchering) is a high-risk fraud typology in which organized criminals build fake romantic or social ...

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Round-Tripping AML high

Round-tripping is a money laundering and tax evasion method in which funds are transferred out of a jurisdiction through offshore entities ...

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Sanctions Evasion via Shell Companies sanctions critical

Sanctions evasion via shell companies is a financial crime pattern in which sanctioned individuals, entities, or states use corporate ...

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SIM Swap Fraud fraud high

SIM swap fraud is an account takeover attack in which a criminal persuades a mobile carrier to transfer a victim's phone number to a SIM ...

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Smishing fraud high

Smishing is a social engineering fraud technique in which criminals send fraudulent SMS messages to trick recipients into disclosing ...

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Smurfing and Structuring AML high

Smurfing (also called structuring) is a money laundering placement technique where illicit cash is broken into multiple smaller deposits, ...

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Synthetic Identity Fraud fraud critical

Synthetic identity fraud is a financial crime in which offenders construct a fictitious person by combining real data, typically a valid ...

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Terrorism Financing AML critical

Terrorism financing is the provision of funds, assets, or financial services to individuals, organizations, or activities associated with ...

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Trade-Based Money Laundering AML critical

Trade-Based Money Laundering (TBML) is a category of money laundering in which criminals manipulate the price, quantity, quality, or ...

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Wash Trading fraud high

Wash trading is a form of market manipulation in which a trader simultaneously buys and sells the same asset using controlled accounts to ...

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